Renal function parameters and hematological indices among artisans occupationally exposed to lead in Suleja metropolis, Nigeria

Aliyu Haruna  Sani; Collins Obinna Keke; Florence Harvey; Ama Konamah; Tasallah Huawa Muhammad

doi:10.58256/rjmhs.v3i1.860

Authors

Aliyu Haruna Sani
elharun014@gmail.com
Department of Public Health Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria
Collins Obinna Keke Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Florence Harvey Department of Science, Methodist College of Education, Akyem Oda, Ghana
Ama Konamah Department of Science, Kibi College of Education, Ghana
Tasallah Huawa Muhammad Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria

Keywords:

lead exposure, occupationally exposed, artisans, renal impairment, hematologic impairment

Abstract

Lead exposure at work has been linked to significant health impacts, including a detrimental impact on organ functions, including nephrotoxicity and hematologic impairment. The above cross-sectional study was carried out to examine renal function status and hematological indicators of artisans working in the Suleja metropolis who had occupational lead exposure. There was a maximum of 137 persons studied: 67 artisans (car mechanics, generator repairers, petrol attendants, battery chargers, and spray painters) compared with 70 age-matched healthy control subjects between 17 and 50 years. Everyone had a 10ml venous blood sample drawn in order to determine biological markers (potassium, sodium, urea, uric acid, chloride and creatinine levels) and the complete blood count using standard laboratory methods. Results revealed that occupationally exposed artisans have significantly elevated blood lead of (82.25%, 37.6±0.8 µg/dL), White blood cell count (WBC) 8.5±1.4 x10⁹/L and decreased heamoglobin (Hb) (72.51%, 9.8±1.1 g/dL, P<0.05), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (76.2 ± 5.4 fL P<0.05), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (25.3±1.9 pg, P<0.05) as compared with unexposed subjects (lead: 12.7±1.8 µg/dL, Hb: 14.3 ± 1.5 µg/dL. WBC: 6.5±1.8 x10⁹/L, MCV: 83.4 ± 2.7 fL, MCH: 28.7±1.4 pg; p<0.05 in all cases). Significant elevations were also observed in the mean concentrations of serum urea (8.1±1.6 mmol/L), creatinine (1.3±0.3 mg/dL), sodium (163±32 mmol//L), potassium (6.1±1.3 mEq/L), as well as a considerable decrease in the mean serum chloride levels (86.7±18 mmol/L) of occupationally exposed artisans compared to unexposed subjects (110.5±21 mmol/L), indicating impaired renal and hematologic functions in occupationally exposed individuals.

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