International commercial arbitration and the governance of cross-border e-commerce: A comparative study of Saudi Arabia and Jordan
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Abstract
The rapid growth of cross-border e-commerce has reshaped international trade by enabling digital transactions beyond territorial boundaries while creating complex legal challenges relating to jurisdiction, applicable law, electronic evidence, and enforcement. These challenges highlight the need for effective legal governance mechanisms capable of ensuring certainty and maintaining confidence in digital markets. International commercial arbitration has become a key mechanism for resolving cross-border commercial disputes because of its neutrality, procedural flexibility, confidentiality, and international enforceability.
This study examines the relationship between international commercial arbitration and the governance of cross-border e-commerce through a comparative analysis of the legal frameworks of Saudi Arabia and Jordan. Using doctrinal, comparative, and analytical legal methodologies, it evaluates arbitration legislation, institutional arbitration systems, judicial supervision, recognition and enforcement procedures, and compatibility with international arbitration standards, particularly the UNCITRAL Model Law and the New York Convention.
The study finds that both Saudi Arabia and Jordan have adopted modern arbitration legislation broadly aligned with international standards, yet differences remain in institutional effectiveness, regulatory implementation, and governance of digital commercial disputes. It argues that stronger arbitration governance enhances legal predictability, increases confidence in cross-border digital transactions, and supports a more secure legal environment for international e-commerce.
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